Flowering Months:
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Family:
Betulaceae (Birch)
Maximum Size:
20 metres tall
Habitats:
Bogs, gardens, meadows, parks, riverbanks, roadsides, woodland.
Grey Alder produces unisexual catkins—the male catkins are long, pendulous, and yellowish-green, appearing before or with the leaves in early spring, while the female catkins are smaller, upright, and initially green, later turning brown as they mature. The flowers lack petals and rely on wind pollination.
Fruit:
The female catkins mature into small, woody, cone-like structures called strobiles, about 2–3 cm long, which open to release tiny winged seeds in late autumn or winter. These “cones” persist on the tree through winter.
Leaves:
The leaves are oval to lance-shaped, with a rounded or slightly heart-shaped base, and have a finely serrated margin. They are a pale green above and lighter below, often with fine hairs on the underside.
Fragrance:
Grey Alder flowers and foliage have a mild, earthy scent, but no strong or distinctive fragrance.
Other Names:
American Black Alder, Common Black Alder, European Grey Alder, Gray Alder, Hoary Alder, Hoary-leaved Alder, Speckled Alder, Tag Alder, Thinleaf Alder, White Alder.
Summary
Alnus incana, also known as the gray alder or speckled alder, is a deciduous tree that is native to North America. It belongs to the birch family and is known for its fast growth rate, attractive bark, and conical shape. Alnus incana can reach heights of up to 50 feet (15 meters) and is often used as a shade tree or in naturalized areas. It is tolerant of a wide range of soil types and climates, including wet or flooded areas, and is often used to stabilize riverbanks and improve soil quality. Alnus incana is generally hardy and low maintenance, but it can be prone to pests such as alder borers and aphids. The tree is also known for its medicinal properties and has been used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments. However, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and to determine the safety and effectiveness of using it medicinally.
Blog
Grey Alder (Alnus incana) is a species of tree in the birch family (Betulaceae). It is native to Europe and Asia, but can also be found in North America as an introduced species.
One of the key characteristics of grey alder is its bark, which is smooth and grey in color when young, but develops deep furrows and a rough texture as the tree ages. The leaves are oval-shaped and have a serrated edge, and are typically dark green in color. In the spring and early summer, grey alder produces small, yellow-green flowers in clusters, followed by small, woody cones.
Grey alder is a hardy tree that can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions, including poor soil, high moisture, and even flooding. It is often found growing along rivers and streams, as well as in wetland areas. This makes it a popular choice for planting in areas that are prone to flooding or erosion.
In addition to its tolerance of adverse conditions, grey alder is also known for its nitrogen-fixing properties. Like other members of the birch family, grey alder has symbiotic relationships with soil bacteria called rhizobia that allow it to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants. This makes grey alder a valuable tree for soil improvement and reforestation projects.
Grey alder can also be used for a variety of other purposes, including wood production, wildlife habitat, and as an ornamental tree. Its wood is light and porous, and is often used for paper production and for making charcoal. Wildlife also find it valuable as a food source and habitat, with many bird and mammal species feeding on its seeds and leaves.
Overall, grey alder is a versatile and hardy tree that can be a valuable addition to any landscape. Its ability to tolerate a wide range of growing conditions, as well as its nitrogen-fixing properties, make it an ideal tree for reforestation, erosion control, and soil improvement projects.
In addition to its ecological benefits, grey alder also has some traditional uses. The bark and leaves have been used medicinally to treat a variety of ailments, including skin conditions and respiratory issues. The bark is also rich in tannins, and has been used in the past to make a dye for textiles. The wood is also known for its good burning properties, and has been used for centuries to make charcoal for heating and cooking.
Grey alder is also a popular ornamental tree, especially in parks and gardens. Its dark green leaves and smooth, grey bark make it an attractive addition to any landscape. It is also relatively low maintenance, making it a good choice for those who want a tree that is easy to care for.
Despite its many benefits, grey alder does have some drawbacks. One of the main concerns is its invasive potential, especially in North America where it is not native. It can easily spread and outcompete native species, which can have a negative impact on local ecosystems. It's important to be aware of this and to plant it in appropriate places and monitor it to avoid any negative impact.
Overall, grey alder is a valuable tree that offers a wide range of benefits. Its hardiness and tolerance of adverse growing conditions make it an ideal tree for reforestation, erosion control, and soil improvement projects. Its attractive bark and leaves also make it a popular ornamental tree. However, it's important to be aware of its invasive potential and to plant it in appropriate places, and monitor it regularly.
Another benefit of grey alder is its ability to improve the soil quality. As a nitrogen-fixing tree, it can improve soil fertility, especially in nutrient-poor soils. This makes it a great choice for agroforestry systems, where it can be used to improve soil quality and provide a source of food and fuel.
In addition, grey alder can also be used for phytoremediation, the process of using plants to clean up contaminated soils. It has been found to be effective at removing heavy metals and other pollutants from the soil, making it a valuable tool for reclaiming contaminated sites.
Grey alder is also an important tree for wildlife. Its seeds and leaves are an important food source for many bird and mammal species, and it provides important nesting and roosting sites for many birds. The tree is also an important host plant for many butterfly and moth species, providing food for their larvae.
In conclusion, grey alder is a versatile and hardy tree that offers a wide range of benefits. Its ability to tolerate a wide range of growing conditions, as well as its nitrogen-fixing properties, make it an ideal tree for reforestation, erosion control, and soil improvement projects. Its attractive bark and leaves also make it a popular ornamental tree. However, it's important to be aware of its invasive potential and to plant it in appropriate places, and monitor it regularly. Grey alder is a tree worth considering in different projects due to its multifunctional characteristics.
Video
Grey Alder filmed in Adlington, Lancashire on the 29th August 2022.
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